...enormous sums are spent every year on solving problems caused by the scale forming in pipes and appliances in which water circulates? Below is a list of just some of the effects of scale:

·Reduced water flow.

·Increased pressure in the pipes (causing damage upstream of the appliance).

·Deterioration of the pipes, inefficiency and the risk of bursting.

·The need for chemical treatment to restore operating conditions, which damages the pipes themselves.

·Clogged filters and reduced rate of flow.

·Scale formation on the heating elements in household appliances (boilers, dishwashers and washing machines) leading to increased power consumption and reduced efficiency.

·Reduced efficiency of heat exchangers (central heating systems). Reduced efficiency of cooling devices (evaporation towers and refrigerator condensers).

·Reduced efficiency of wall-mounted hot water boilers, both the storage and the instant heating type.